JavaScript has been a mainstay in the developer survey and on Stack Overflow since our first survey. The most popular programming language has been JavaScript every year we have done the survey except for 2013 and 2014, when SQL was the most popular language.

PostgreSQL debuted in the developer survey in 2018 when 33% of developers reported using it, compared with the most popular option that year: MySQL, in use by 59% of developers. Six years later, PostgreSQL is used by 49% of developers and is the most popular database for the second year in a row.

AWS' share of usage amongst respondents is the same in 2024 as in 2023, while Azure and Google Cloud increased their share. Azure has climbed from 26% to 28% usage and Google Cloud went from 24% to 25%.

Node.js peaked in 2020 with its highest recorded usage score of 51%. While not as popular, it's still the most used web technology in the survey this year and has increased popularity among those learning to code from last year.

Embedded technologies is a new sub-section of the developer survey this year. 30% of developers are using Raspberry Pi, making it the first most popular embedded technology in the Developer Survey.

.NET is the most used among other frameworks and libraries again this year for all developers. Those learning to code are using NumPy and Pandas the most (as they were last year).

Docker is used the most by professional developers (59%) and npm is used the most by developers learning to code (45%).

Visual Studio Code is used by more than twice as many developers than its nearest (and related) alternative, Visual Studio.

Jira and Confluence top the list for most used asynchronous tools developers use for the third year.

Teams is the most popular synchronous tool for professional developers (and overall) while Discord is the most popular amongst those learning to code.

Windows is the most popular operating system for developers, across both personal and professional use.